The first convention of the ILO in 1919 fixed the Maximum hours of work in a week at 48 hrs as well as the minimum age of employment at 14. Thereafter through an amendment in 1922, the minimum age was increased to 15.
The Conventions of the International Labour Organization, the 1930 and 1956 Forced Labour Conventions and the UN Convention on the rights of a child are the major tools for regulation of child labour. Some other instruments used for the regulation of child labour were:
Article 32 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989): “State parties recognize the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.
Convention 182 of the ILO (1999): The main of convention 182 is to eliminate the worst forms of child labour. It stresses that immediate action is needed to tackle the worst exploitation of children. The Convention also decided upon the various measures to be implemented by the governments upon the ratification of the convention.
International Program On Elimination of Child Labour: The ILO’s International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) was created in 1992 with the overall goal of the progressive elimination of child labour, which was to be achieved through strengthening the capacity of countries to deal with the problem and promoting a worldwide movement to combat child labour. IPEC currently has operations in 88 countries, with an annual expenditure on technical cooperation projects that reached over US$61 million in 2008. It is the largest programme of its kind globally and the biggest single operational programme of the ILO.
While the goal of IPEC remains the prevention and elimination of all forms of child labour, the priority targets for immediate action are the worst forms of child labour, which are defined in the ILO Convention on the worst forms of child labour, 1999 (No. 182) as:
The Conventions of the International Labour Organization, the 1930 and 1956 Forced Labour Conventions and the UN Convention on the rights of a child are the major tools for regulation of child labour. Some other instruments used for the regulation of child labour were:
Article 32 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989): “State parties recognize the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.
Convention 182 of the ILO (1999): The main of convention 182 is to eliminate the worst forms of child labour. It stresses that immediate action is needed to tackle the worst exploitation of children. The Convention also decided upon the various measures to be implemented by the governments upon the ratification of the convention.
International Program On Elimination of Child Labour: The ILO’s International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) was created in 1992 with the overall goal of the progressive elimination of child labour, which was to be achieved through strengthening the capacity of countries to deal with the problem and promoting a worldwide movement to combat child labour. IPEC currently has operations in 88 countries, with an annual expenditure on technical cooperation projects that reached over US$61 million in 2008. It is the largest programme of its kind globally and the biggest single operational programme of the ILO.
While the goal of IPEC remains the prevention and elimination of all forms of child labour, the priority targets for immediate action are the worst forms of child labour, which are defined in the ILO Convention on the worst forms of child labour, 1999 (No. 182) as:
- All forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery.
- Such as the sale and trafficking of children
- debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict;
- the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances;
- the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties;
- work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.
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